vertebrates – animals that have a backbone or spinal column

To remember the meaning of vertebrates, use the following mnemonic:

We stood up vertically and celebrated (vertebrates) the fact that we had backbones.

Vertebrates are animals that possess a backbone or spinal column made up of individual bones called vertebrae, which form part of an internal skeleton called an endoskeleton. Vertebrates represent some of the most familiar animals including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. All vertebrates share several key characteristics beyond just a backbone: they have a well-developed brain enclosed in a skull, a closed circulatory system with a heart that pumps blood through blood vessels, and typically have two pairs of limbs (though these may be modified as fins, wings, or legs depending on the species).

The spinal column provides structural support, allows for flexible movement, and serves as an attachment point for muscles. Vertebrates have evolved to occupy virtually every habitat on earth. from deep ocean trenches to high mountain peaks, and they display enormous diversity in size, shape, and lifestyle.