Hard Engineering – The building of entirely artificial structures using various materials such as rock, concrete and steel to reduce, disrupt or stop the impact of the erosion process of the sea

To remember the meaning of the term Hard Engineering, use the following mnemonic:

The hard engineer (hard engineering) loved his concrete block

Examples of hard engineering:

Apart from helping prevent the erosion of cliffs and beaches, hard engineering can also help in the prevention of flooding.

Despite the obvious advantages of hard engineering, there are also some clear disadvantages: these measures tend to be expensive, last for a relatively short time, and can be visually intrusive.