Refraction and convex lenses
For a convex lens, where light travels from a fast medium (e.g. air) to a slow medium (e.g. glass), the light is bent towards the normal.
See below:
NOTE: See Mammoth Memory, Refraction, for how to use the term "FAST SOFA" to recall that, when going from fast medium to slow medium, the light bends towards the normal.
For a convex lens, when light travels from a slow medium to a fast medium, the light is bent away from the normal.
See below:
NOTE: Again, see Mammoth Memory, Refraction and use the term "FAST SOFA" to mean, here, that when passing from a slow medium to a fast medium, the light bends away from the normal.
The overall impact of refraction on a lens is:
We can see that the light has been bent twice. In some books this diagram is summarised as:
But technically this is not correct.
![](/images/user/base/Maths/Logarithms/Reference%20Tables/reference-log-table-1.4df6ee6.jpg)
![](/images/user/base/Maths/Logarithms/Reference%20Tables/reference-log-table-2.d516bb3.jpg)
![](/images/user/base/Maths/Logarithms/Reference%20Tables/reference-anti-log-table-1.b0b0513.jpg)
![](/images/user/base/Maths/Logarithms/Reference%20Tables/reference-anti-log-table-2.f89189d.jpg)